Wood coatings have been an essential aspect of woodworking and flooring since humans began using wood. It can be surmised that early humans quickly noticed that the application of natural oils and waxes served to preserve and beautify wooden surfaces. In recent centuries, traditional knowledge and science have combined to create a range of coating options suited to specific applications.

Today, in the wood flooring industry, a variety of options are available, including drying oils, hard-wax oils, UV oils, UV lacquers, and polyurethane coatings. Each type serves distinct purposes, from offering a natural finish to providing high durability and resistance against UV rays. The right choice of coating depends on the type of wood and its intended use, ensuring that wooden floors not only look beautiful but also stand the test of time.

Drying Oils

• Description: Drying oils, such as linseed oil and tung oil, penetrate deeply into the wood, providing a natural finish and enhancing the wood’s grain.
• Benefits: They nourish the wood, allowing it to breathe, and are easy to apply. However, they may require more frequent reapplication compared to other coatings.

Hard-Wax Oils

• Description: Hard-wax oils combine oils and natural waxes, offering both protection and a soft, natural feel to the surface.
• Benefits: They provide a durable finish that is resistant to stains and water while maintaining the wood’s appearance. Hard-wax oils can be easily refreshed and repaired.

UV Oils

• Description: UV oils contain protective additives that shield the wood from the damaging effects of ultraviolet light.
• Benefits: These coatings are especially useful for wood exposed to sunlight, as they help prevent fading and degradation while preserving the natural look of the wood.

UV Lacquers

• Description: UV lacquers are finishes that are cured using ultraviolet light, creating a tough, durable surface.
• Benefits: They offer high resistance to scratches, chemicals, and moisture. UV lacquers are often used in high-traffic areas and are available in various sheens.

Polyurethane (PU) Coatings

• Description: Polyurethane coatings are synthetic finishes that create a hard, protective layer over the wood.
• Benefits: They are highly durable, resistant to wear, and available in both water-based and oil-based formulations. PU coatings can be glossy or matte and are suitable for both residential and commercial use.

VOCs in Wood Floor Coatings:

• Types of Coatings: Both oil-based and some water-based wood coatings can contain VOCs. Oil-based finishes, including traditional varnishes and some polyurethane products, often have higher VOC levels compared to specific low-VOC water-based options.
• Regulations and Standards: Many manufacturers now produce low-VOC or zero-VOC coatings in response to regulatory standards and consumer demand for healthier indoor environments.

Pure polyurethane coatings undergo a chemical curing process that can vary depending on whether they are water-based or oil-based:

• Water-Based PU: These coatings dry as water evaporates from the mixture. They tend to have less odor during application and drying, making them more user-friendly.
• Oil-Based PU: These coatings cure as solvents evaporate and through a chemical reaction when exposed to air. They tend to have a stronger smell during application, which dissipates as the coating dries.